Why use water bath for heating during distillation?

Safety: Water baths are much safer than direct heating methods, such as using a bunsen burner or hot plate. This is because water has a high specific heat capacity, meaning it takes a lot of energy to raise its temperature. This means that the water in the bath will not get too hot, even if the heat source is turned up high. This reduces the risk of burns or fires.

Temperature control: Water baths provide a more even and controlled heat distribution than direct heating methods. This is because water is a good thermal conductor, meaning it transfers heat evenly throughout the liquid. This helps to prevent localized overheating, which can damage the distillate.

Reduced bumping: Bumping occurs when bubbles of vapor rapidly form and burst in a liquid, causing the liquid to spatter. This can be a problem during distillation, as it can lead to loss of product and damage to the glassware. Water baths help to reduce bumping by providing a more even heat distribution and preventing the liquid from overheating.

Convenience: Water baths are relatively easy to set up and use. They are also portable, so they can be used in a variety of locations.

For all of these reasons, water baths are the preferred heating method for distillation.