1. Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Approximately 60% of the body's water is located within the cells. This intracellular water is essential for cellular functions, such as maintaining cell structure, facilitating metabolic reactions, and transporting nutrients and waste products.
2. Extracellular Fluid (ECF): The remaining 40% of the body's water is found outside the cells, in the extracellular space. This compartment can be further divided into:
- Interstitial Fluid: The fluid that surrounds cells and tissues. It provides a medium for the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between cells and blood vessels.
- Plasma: The liquid component of blood that contains dissolved substances, such as proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and waste products.
- Transcellular Fluid: Specialized fluid compartments, such as cerebrospinal fluid (in the brain and spinal cord), synovial fluid (in joints), pleural fluid (in the pleural cavity), and peritoneal fluid (in the abdominal cavity).
3. Bones and Cartilage: Water is also present within the bones and cartilage. Bones contain about 20% water by weight, contributing to their strength and resilience. Cartilage, a flexible connective tissue found in joints, contains even more water, making it flexible and shock-absorbing.
4. Skin: The skin, the body's largest organ, contains a significant amount of water. Water helps maintain skin elasticity, softness, and overall health.
The distribution and balance of water among these compartments are crucial for maintaining proper body functions, temperature regulation, nutrient transport, and waste removal. Dehydration occurs when the body loses more water than it takes in, leading to various health complications, while overhydration, though rare, can also disrupt bodily functions.
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