What are hot tub bubbles?

Bubbles: Hot tub bubbles are primarily created when air is introduced into the water through jets or aerators. These jets can be found in various locations within a hot tub, including the bottom, sides, and corners, and they expel streams of air into the water. As the air bubbles rise to the surface, they carry water droplets with them, forming the foamy bubbles that are characteristic of a hot tub.

Here's a breakdown of the process:

Venturi Effect: When the water pump pushes the water through the jets, it creates a forceful stream. The water velocity creates low pressure behind the jet's opening. This pressure difference, known as the Venturi Effect, causes air to be sucked in through vents or small holes in the jet.

Air Mixing: As the air is drawn in, it mixes with the stream of water. This turbulent mixing traps and entraps tiny pockets of air, forming a blend of water and air bubbles.

Formation of Foam and Froth: The high-speed mixture of air and water causes agitation and vigorous movement. This process whips up the water droplets and air into a frothy mixture. The soapy residue, from bathing suits and body oils, stabilizes these air-water bubbles, transforming them into stable, longer-lasting foam.

Factors Affecting Bubble Formation:

- Jet Design and Placement: The shape and orientation of the jets influence bubble production. Some jets may be designed with larger or multiple openings to generate more bubbles.

- Water Flow Rate: The higher the flow rate, the greater the volume of air that can be injected into the water, resulting in more bubbles.

- Water Chemistry: The pH and alkalinity levels of the hot tub water can impact the stability and longevity of the bubbles. Properly balanced water chemistry helps bubbles last longer.

- Surfactants: Products like shampoo, bath salts, and body oils can contain surfactants, which assist in forming and stabilizing bubbles.