What are the 4 major routes of water loss in body?

- Evaporation: Water evaporates from the skin and lungs continuously, even in low-humidity environments. This is the primary means of heat dissipation for humans and is referred to as insensible water loss.

- Sweat: Water plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature through the process of sweating. Sweat is produced by the eccrine glands located on the skin's surface and is comprised of water, electrolytes (e.g., sodium and chloride ions), and other solutes. profuse sweating can lead to significant fluid loss, especially during physical exertion or exposure to high temperatures.

- Respiration: Water vapor is released from the lungs during respiration. This is another form of insensible water loss that occurs as a byproduct of breathing.

- Urine: The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining water balance by selectively concentrating or diluting urine. Factors like fluid intake, hydration status, and the presence of certain hormones influence the kidney's ability to retain or excrete water. Typically, a healthy individual produces around 1-2 liters of urine per day.

These four routes of water loss collectively contribute to the body's overall fluid balance. Balancing fluid intake with water loss is essential for maintaining proper hydration and preventing dehydration or water intoxication.