Why are caves wet?

1. Condensation: Caves are often cooler than the surrounding environment, causing moisture in the air to condense on the cave walls and floors. This is especially noticeable in caves that are located in warm, humid climates.

2. Infiltration: Water from the surface can seep into caves through cracks and crevices in the rock. This water can then accumulate and form pools or streams inside the cave.

3. Springs: Some caves are fed by underground springs, which can provide a constant source of water. These springs can be fed by groundwater from nearby aquifers, or they can be fed by surface water that sinks underground and reappears in the cave.

4. Flooding: Caves can also be flooded during periods of heavy rain or snowmelt. This can occur when the water level in nearby rivers or streams rises and overflows into the cave.

5. Hydrothermal Activity: In volcanic areas, caves may be heated by geothermal activity, which can cause water to condense and form hot springs or geysers.

The presence of water in caves can create a variety of unique and beautiful formations, such as stalactites, stalagmites, and flowstone. These formations are created by the deposition of minerals from the water over time.