International Tie Breaker Rule

Question
Two questions:

1.  What is the origin of the title, "International tie-breaker rule"?  Is there any rule book that discusses the rules involved in the tie breaker?

2.  When the runner that has been put on second to begin the inning scores on a base hit, is that run considered earned or unearned?

Answer
I not sure of the origin of the International tie breaker rule however my best guess is that it was created around 1965. In that year the International Softball World Championships developed women's softball by making it an international game.


A run scored by the player starting as a runner at second base shall be charged to the defensive team and not the pitcher. Whether a run scored by any other player shall be charged to the pitcher is up to the judgment of the official scorer.  If action by a subsequent batter, such as a fielder's choice, causes the lead-off runner to be put out, the first run scored that inning may be charged to the team. (Example: If a runner reaches first base safely on a fielder's choice as a result of a first-to-third putout, this new runner still is charged to the team.) If the lead-off runner at second is put out without action by the batter (caught stealing, picked off or leaving the base early), then, no run is charged to the team.

Notes:  A run charged to the "team" is neither earned nor unearned because there is no actual person to whom the run is to be charged. It is technically impossible for the "team?to have an earned-run average, because the "team" will always have zero innings pitched.  In the statistical pitching summary for a game using the tiebreaker rule, 搕eam,?is listed as a pitcher. The only statistic recorded for "team" is total runs allowed. The total runs allowed by a team may exceed the sum total of earned and unearned runs. The box score will not prove as it normally does since there is usually an extra runner left on base for each inning in which the rule is in effect. The respective pitchers of record receive the win and loss.