Scoring Error?

Question
With a runner at 2nd base, a ground ball is hit which reaches an outfielder.  The baserunner, without slowing or stopping at 3rd, is attempting to score.  1st example is the outfielder fumbles the ground ball and doesn't make a throw at the runner at home or does throw and does not reach home in time.  2nd example is the outfielder, makes a clean pick-up, throws home and either throws high, or offline and the runner is safe.  No other runners advance on either example.  Is the outfielder credited with an error?


Answer
All judgement calls.

No throw, most likely no error unless the runner is terribly slow.

All the rest, would a reasonable good throw, not a perfect throw, put the runner out.  Then possibly an error.  In your example of the hit to center field in most cases I would have no error.

If you are talking about an extremly high level of play, a ball that is not hit very deep, then yes, you could be charging an error.

When figuring errors always ask yourself "does the fielder deserve the error".  Give the benefit of the doubt to the hitter.