- The cause of the crash (mechanical failure, pilot error, weather conditions)
- The type of helicopter (size, weight, design, etc.)
- The location of the crash (land or water, height of impact)
- The amount of time available for rescue
According to the National Transportation Safety Board, the overall survival rate for helicopter crashes in the United States between 2000 and 2019 was approximately 63%. However, this rate varied significantly depending on the cause of the crash and the type of helicopter involved.
For example, the survival rate for crashes caused by mechanical failure was 75%, while the survival rate for crashes caused by pilot error was only 52%. Similarly, the survival rate for crashes involving large helicopters (over 12,500 pounds) was 68%, while the survival rate for crashes involving small helicopters (under 6,000 pounds) was only 52%.
In general, the chances of surviving a helicopter crash are increased if:
- The helicopter is designed with safety features (such as a crash-resistant fuel system and energy-absorbing seats)
- The pilot is properly trained and experienced
- The crash occurs at a low altitude
- The helicopter lands in a relatively soft surface (such as water or mud)
- Rescue is available quickly
Despite the risks, helicopter travel is generally a safe form of transportation. In the United States, there were an average of only about 10 fatal helicopter crashes per year between 2000 and 2019. This compares to an average of over 32,000 fatal car crashes per year during the same period.
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