Basketball

Basketball is characterized by finesse, precision and technical and tactical exercises imagination through waist high and special physical qualities of athletes, all sports involved in a fight that requires teamwork and of sacrifice, intelligence and nervous strength.

The ball may be made ​​to advance the field by dribble or passing it to other teammates. Sport s man like physical acts (foul (sport)) are penalized, and there are restrictions on how the ball is used (violations).

Over time, basketball has developed techniques common sighting, bird and dribble, but also the positioning of players, and offensive and defensive structures. Usually, players will occupy the highest center or one of the two forward positions, and smaller sized players or those who have speed and handling skills best of the ball, will occupy the position of guard. In some countries, basketball is a popular sport, with many viewers.

The old population Inca, Maya and Aztec practiced a game where the ball was thrown into a ring of stone, suspended horizontally on a wall. Florida natives had a target consists of a wicker basket and American Indians placed a basket as tree trunks.

In 1891, a young assistant at Springfield College, Massachusetts, USA, on behalf James A. Naismith, trying to make physical education lessons more diverse students, with more attractive and dynamic, without material conditions special rules of the game combined some football with 13 new rules and replaced the gate with a basket suspended on a wall. This was born the sport that he was told then basketball (basketball = basket ball = ball).

At first the teams were composed of 50 players each, then the number decreased gradually to reach teams of five players on the field. The game is spreading in Europe, was presented the 1904 Olympic demonstration (from St. Louis). In 1932 the International Federation of Basketball is Amateur (FIBA) and the 1935 European Championships will be played (with the participation of our country).

A basketball game is between two teams of five players on the field each. The goal of each team is to bring the ball into your opponents basket and try to prevent the other team to score. The ball may be passed, thrown, kicked, rolled, dribble in any direcţie.Also that you can fool the opponent.

The playing surface is a rectangular, flat and hard, free from any obstacle. Land size should be 28 m in length by 15 m in width, which is measured from the inner edge of the lines delimiting the land. National federations have the authority to approve the national competitions, existing playgrounds with minimum dimensions of 26 m length and 14 m wide.

Playing field will be delimited by lines. All lines should be drawn with the same color (preferably white), have a width of 5 cm and clearly visible. These lines are bottom lines (wide field) and lateral lines (the length of the field). These lines are not part of the playing field. Any obstacle bank area teams including seats to be located at least 2 m away from the playing field.

The center line must be drawn parallel to the bottom lines of the central points of each side line. It will be extended by 15 cm beyond each line of touch. Central circle must be drawn to center court and have a radius of 1.80 m measured from the outer edge of the circumference. If the surface of the central circle is colored, then color will be same as that of the restricted area. Semicircles are drawn on the playing center mid with free throw line and a radius of 1.80 m measured from the outer edge of the lines that distinguish them.

A free throw line must be drawn parallel to each bottom line. Its outer edge should be located at 5.80 m from the inner edge and bottom line should be 3.60 m long. Be located on the center line imaginary line joining the middle of the two bottom lines. Restricted areas must be delineated on the playing spaces of bottom lines, free throw lines and lines joining the ends of lines of free throws with points located on the bottom lines at 3 m on both sides of the middle of these lines measured from the outer edge of these lines. All these lines, except line the bottom part of the restriction.

Panel basketball is made of metal, glass, wood or plastic, having a thickness of 3 cm, and its ring is placed at 3 m from the ground with a diameter of 40 cm. Basketball ball is made of a rubber room, covered with a skin envelope, plastic or rubber, having a weight of 600-650 gr. and circumference of 75-80 cm. The game is conducted by three arbitrators in the field (according to FIBA), assisted by a scorekeeper and a timekeeper.

A basketball game takes place in four rounds of 10 minutes each, with a break of 2 minutes between quarters 1-2 and 3-4, and a 15 minute break between quarters 2-3 under FIBA ​​rules. The North American NBA championship match takes place in four rounds for each 12 minutes. Unlike other games, from basketball to measure the actual time the game clock is stopped at all interrupts the game. Cart document is valid only if the ball enters the basket over it and go through it. If you throw when a player is a semi-circle outside the tracing lines, then throw will be worth 3 points. If the thrower will be in contact inside the trace line of semi-circle, the throw will be worth 2 points. Each throw free throw line will be worth 1 point. A basketball game never ends with a score of equality between the two teams. There were competitions in which teams were tied at a game in a competition style carrying case round-trip, but only if the match round. If at the end of regular time the two teams are tied, the match will be extended with a half extension of 5 minutes of actual play. If at the end of this half of the draw situation continues, the match will be extended by as many rounds as necessary as the final team to have at least one point more than his opponent.

After each basket scored, the ball back into play by the defending team from any place of their own bottom line behind the field. Timeout can be given in both halves of two times each team, at the request of the coach or players.

In the game of basketball are punished (by losing the ball) or deviations from the regulation, or personal mistakes (made by direct contact with an opponent). During dribbling player can move on land, but if stopped dribbling, he can not resume, making such guilty "double dribble".

The pivot is a post held by a player in a basketball team. Can designate a player with the ball movement, which maintains contact with the ground with one foot and changes direction with each other once or several times. The rule prohibits a player steps in the possession of the ball to move with her arms. Rule of three seconds does not allow a player to sit in the attack more than 3 seconds in the area of ​​free throws or take more than five seconds the ball in his possession without knocking her to the floor. The rule requires the team has eight seconds to pass the ball this time in adverse terrain (the ball). Rule of 24 seconds required to throw the attacking team in the cart for up to 24 seconds. A player who commits five personal foul during the game is permanently removed from the field.