What are the safety features of bicycle helmets?

- Hard outer shell: Made of a strong material like polycarbonate or ABS plastic, the outer shell absorbs impact and protects the skull.

- Inner EPS liner: The expanded polystyrene (EPS) liner absorbs shock and cushions the head. It is made up of tiny air pockets that compress on impact, slowing down the force of the blow and reducing the risk of skull fracture, concussion and other head injuries.

- Adjustable straps: Helmets should have adjustable straps so they can be snugly fitted to the wearer's head. Properly fitted helmets will reduce the risk of the helmet coming off in a crash.

- Chin strap: Prevents the helmet from coming off in a crash by securing it under the chin.

- Visor: Protects the face and eyes from flying debris and rain.

- Internal padding: Increases comfort by providing a soft, moisture-wicking layer against the head.

- Reflectivity: Some helmets have reflective elements to increase visibility to motorists at night.

- Ventilation: Vents allow air to circulate, keeping the wearer's head cool.

- MIPS (Multi-Directional Impact Protection System): Reduces the rotational forces on the brain that can cause concussion. MIPS uses a low-friction liner that allows the helmet to move relative to the head in a crash, redirecting the energy of the impact.

- ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) certification: Ensures that the helmet meets certain safety standards.