What does rappel mean for rock climbing?

In rock climbing, rappelling (also called abseiling) is a controlled descent down a rope that is anchored at the top of the climb. It is a technique used to descend cliffs, mountains, or other rock faces that are too steep or difficult to climb down safely.

Rappel involves using a specialized device called a rappel device (such as a figure-eight descender or a tube-style rappel device) that is attached to the rope and allows the climber to control the speed of their descent. The climber wears a harness that is connected to the rappel device and the rope, ensuring their safety during the descent.

Here are the steps involved in rappelling:

1. Setting Up the Anchor: Before rappelling, climbers must set up a secure anchor at the top of the climb. This can be done using natural features such as trees or rock horns, or by placing specialized anchors like bolts or pitons into the rock.

2. Attaching the Rope: The climbing rope is then passed through the anchor and secured using a carabiner or knot. The other end of the rope is tied to the climber's harness.

3. Rappelling: The climber attaches their rappel device to the rope and positions themselves so that their body is facing the cliff. They then lean back and control their descent by using their hands to grip the rope and regulate the amount of friction generated by the rappel device.

4. Monitoring the Descent: As they rappel, climbers must constantly monitor their speed, position, and the condition of the rope. They should also communicate with other climbers to ensure safety and avoid potential hazards.

5. Reaching the Bottom: When the climber reaches the desired point, they can stop their descent by locking off the rappel device or by using a friction knot. They can then safely unclip their harness and retrieve the rope.

Rappelling is an important skill in rock climbing that requires proper training and practice to ensure safety. Climbers must learn the techniques, know how to use the equipment, and be aware of the potential risks involved in rappelling before attempting it.